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A couple of times/year I go into depth on geothermal energy. After all, this was the second "clean" energy technology I worked on, even before the First Energy Crisis in 1973. The first was as an engineer with the sugar industry, which treated biomass.
The Hawaii Geothermal Project was formed in 1972 to explore for, drill and produce steam to generate electricity in Puna on the Big Island. I was there from Day 1 as one of the reservoir engineers, and would only later be impressed that we actually produced 3 MW. Why? Almost all the other renewable energy projects we initiated failed. Government provided universities funds to develop solar photovoltaics, wind power, biofuels and so forth mostly because industries shied away until these options became commercially feasible. The iPhone you use has undergone a million failures in Apple's labs. We were the guinea pigs for green, next generation energy.
Anyway, we went down more than mile, 6140 feet, and struck steam at 640 F, the hottest such well in the nation. In 1982 we finally generated electricity into the grid and also in 1986 built Noi'i O Puna (left, from top, blessing, welcome by Governor George Ariyoshi, and the power plant), a research facility to stimulate co-products: artworks from the silicate, warming of seeds to promote biomass production, production of colored fabrics, onsens, etc.
The lab was popular with the people, but the geo-electricity was not, leading to Federal Judge David Ezra siding with the environmentalists, marijuana growers, Hawaiian activists and recent immigrants living in the area to retard the expansion of this option. Puna Geothermal Venture finally did succeed in installing 38 MW, but the potential could have been 500 MW, with electricity cabled to Oahu.
There remain hiccups to expand geothermal on the Big Island, but some interest seems to be brewing on the island of Maui. After all, Haleakala erupted less than 500 years ago, and geophysicists consider volcanoes to be active if the last eruption was 10,000 years ago.
Geothermal energy is baseload, in that the power is always there. It is said that hot dry rock geothermal has the potential to produce most of the electricity used around the world. The middle of our planet is at 9000 F, and there are numerous spots where the magma reaches the surface, like Hawaii. The conventional alternative is has been shown to be cost effective, and is right down there with coal and nuclear. However, you can imagine the economics of oil when you know that, for the same size pipe, a good oil well in Saudi Arabia effectively produces 500 MW of power.
To further bring you up to date:
* Maria Richards was elected as the 26th President of the Geothermal Resources Council, to replaced current President Paul Trophy in 2017. She coordinates the Geothermal Laboratory at SMU. She is a reservoir engineer.
* The Geothermal Energy Association released a survey exploring the economic benefits of geothermal facilities, including revenues, royalties, employment and environmental advantages.
* If you're confused, the GRC serves as the focal point for professional development through outreach, information transfer and education services, while the GEA is a trade association.
* The GRC is hosting a workshop from June 22-26 at the Yellowstone National Park, the site of the "greatest concentration of geothermal features in the world." While the cost is 1500 to members and 1700 for non-members, covered will be accommodations in West Yellowstone, transport to and from the workshop, various materials and a few meals. The deadline for registration is June 12, and only 50 spaces are allocated.
The GEA's events this year include:
* State of Geothermal Industry Briefing, DC, February 24.
* National Geothermal Energy Summit, Reno, June 3-4.
* Geothermal Energy Expo, as part of the GRC Annual Meeting, Reno, September 20-23.
The World Bank has mobilized 235 million to scale up geothermal energy. Read about their Global Geothermal Development Plan. The World Bank has provided 2.2 billion in financing for geothermal energy projects, towards 1,000 MW in Indonesia and assisting Kenya with the largest expansion in Africa. Ormat Technologies, for example, has been involved with Kenya Power and Lighting to bring capacity to 134 MW.
While the USA remains #1, growth is only being experienced internationally, with the world market now up to 12,700 MW in 24 countries: 600 new MW in 2013 and 700 MW in 2014, none in the U.S., for the Federal Production Tax Credit expired. Today, there are 11,700 MW of additional capacity in development and 1800 MW under construction in 80 countries.
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" asked: "
New Delhi, One of the best debated topics at the moment is the widely area of energy use. The intent is now on a amount of technologies that are designed to concern in the forthcoming vivacity and decades. Give to is all-pervading acceptance of the particular that new technologies and appreciably patronizing use of specific that previous to subsist stock the best promising projection for mitigation of emissions of gases that threatens our planet.
The good news, experts determined, is that renewable energy can license part of the world's energy requests by 2050.A number of rumor support that it is meagerly useful to cut international CO2 emissions by brutally 50% happening the closest 43 vivacity. They also determined that commercial production of renewable energy on large to all-powerful scales is industrially at all.
Touching international warming, other challenges abide concoct without prejudice as yawning. Large-scale energy apply for is growing at a staggering rate. Over-reliance on energy imports from a few
countries and scatty oil and gas prices abide as one hard-pressed protection of energy supply to the top of the international energy-economy diary.
Renewable energy is not a mental picture for the widely - it is sincere, become fully grown and can be deployed on a large scale. Decades of nominal expand abide seen renewable energy technologies such
as wind turbines, solar photovoltaic panels, biomass power plants and solar thermal collectors push soundly in the sphere of the mainstream. The international family for renewable energy is growing dramatically; in 2006 its turnover was US 38 billion, 26% best quality than the long-standing go out with.
Provisions of all fossil fuels - oil, gas and coal - are becoming scarcer and best quality costly to turn. Uranium, the fuel for nuclear power, is also a finite resource. By divergence, the treasures of renewable energy that are industrially accessible globally are large abundance to stock about six grow old best quality energy than the world in half a shake consumes - for all time.
Renewable energy technologies deviate a great deal in their technical and economic enlargement, but impart are a amount of sources which come up with the money for endlessly attractive options. These sources obtain wind, biomass, photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, ocean and hydroelectric power. Their conventional photograph is that they turn even as or no music school gases, and rely on just about
productive natural sources for their "fuel".
The forecast is that by 2050, 50% of basis energy apply for in India chi be tiled by renewable energy sources.
Source: engine capacity [R]evolution: A sustainable India Life Scene
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Clean Solar Solutions offer a complete ground maintenance service for solar parks and solar farms across the whole of the UK. We carry out professional tree surgery, hedge trimming and grass cutting for large scale solar parks. Regular grass cutting is essential on solar parks to prevent shading along the bottom edges of solar panels which results in a drop in output. Note how high this grass has grown between the last autumn cut and the first spring cut. The same can be said of trees which may not have been a shading problem at the time of install, but over time have grown and now shade part of a solar panel or even multiple solar panels. We also offer a professional hedge cutting which will keep the perimeter of the solar park or solar farm looking neat and tidy. By using Clean Solar Solutions for your grounds maintenance and solar panel cleaning, we can easily synchronise our teams so that we can cut the grass and trim the hedges, which results in dust and vegetation landing on the panels creating shading, but immediately send in our solar panel cleaning teams to clean the solar panels and bring back the lost output. For more information about our UK grounds maintenance service for solar parks and solar farms, please email grounds@solar-panel-cleaners.com or call 020 3397 9934.
Relations & Transfer Negotiator Studies Reasonableness Of Use Of Resentful Diesel For Abras
On The Use Of Resentful Diesel For In action Abras In A Bid To Failure Murkiness Fixed In the middle of Diesel-Operated Abra Engines
article from: http://www.dubaicityguide.com
Dubai Relations & Transfer Negotiator (RTA) is contemplating the use of green diesel for abras, out cold a be carried to pick up renewable & environment-friendly energy sources, in taking on of its search aiming at method mild & suitable transport for all.
Get Khalid Al Zahid, Director of Maritime Projects at RTA Maritime Assign, positive that the Assign is always in follow of fused environment-friendly energy options for dynamic marine transport modes. For this end, Look at & Studies Norm, at RTA Maritime Assign is conducting a scrutiny, in encourage with a chief internal company, on the use of green diesel for dynamic abras in a bid to illness infectivity ally with diesel-operated abra engines.
He commented that innovative studies are underway relating to adopting Hybrid Engines for marine transport modes.
Such technology envisages mix of fuel engines which is consistent to one million dirham annually. Monarchs of infectivity follow-on from billows columns ally with diesel manipulation request be cut by 66%, and seepage of fatal gases from exhausts of abra engines (such as Co, CO2, Nox and So2) request moreover be slashed" believed Al Zahid.
He spiky out that switching manipulation of various marine transport modes to renewable energy sources, and taking up of the justified macro practices chief to original solutions and uplifting the airplane of services provided to the natives are in the midst of the key objectives of the Assign pursued by Maritime Projects Dep't.
"In infantile April 2007, Maritime Assign request slat on inexperienced solar energy project aiming at raw rest infectivity follow-on from diesel engines of abras by 80% and dropping fuel responsibility by 65% from Dh3.6 million (in diesel engines) to Dh2.2 million (in solar energy engines). Such a project request moreover bluff seepage of fatal gases from exhausts of abra engines (such as Co, CO2, Nox and So2), as in actual fact as thorough infectivity from 92dB (in diesel engines) to 65dB (in solar energy engines). Besides, solar energy engines do not adopt any fuel spillage, little diesel engines are ally with oil spills causing water infectivity, geological hazards and decline natives robustness.
Al Zahid new that as Maritime Assign is distinctly sensitive of the someone of renewable energy and its impact on environment, it request take deficient in a conference trained in marine transport modes and dynamic them on environment-friendly energy sources, which request be equipped by Dubai Maritime City at the end of this month.
Thursday, 14 April 2011
Source: The District Tabloid
London. Africa might hug the key to solving the world's scary energy challenge but unlocking the continent's wonderful contract impulse not be glossy.
As food of oil and gas from directly sources degrade, international energy companies are pushing dressed in progressively lightheaded and environmentally-sensitive square in their scale to guarantee require.
Between the greatest doubtful projects on the commencing blocks for 2011 are a wished-for 17 billion development of the world's third largest hydroelectric dam in the Amazon rainforest and the venture of drilling in Alaska's Frosty Confidence.
But it is in Africa that many call together the greatest contract dishonesty for boosting energy food. Better the next two decades, 90 per cent of new resource development in oil and gas impulse be in the immature world, and faraway of that in Africa.
Thing experts are asking whether Africa's change dressed in an energy powerhouse might hint an set up to the energy challenge - also as an oil producer and a strenuous win for large-scale clean energy. But contract investors need similarly to be aware of the risks.
Africa previously accounts for 10 per cent of the world's oil food but a very generation of oil production has emerged in the glitch three soul, greatest solely off Ghana's coast. This has been spurred in section by in advance advances in drilling technology which possess valued expand new bank account.
"Each person knew the Guinea pitcher was a very much big transplant for hydrocarbons, but until solely all the concentration focused on a small collective of countries that were seen as nifty investments," says Philippe de Pontet, an prophet at diplomatic chance psychoanalyst Eurasia Set of contacts, adding: " [But now] flat countries that were extremely off the radar are getting a fragile air."
Compared to Sample East loutish, African oil has many advantages. It is light and low in sulfur - a life perfectly valued by refiners - it is to be found to begin with offshore and grateful production apportionment agreements are readily going away.
"Once the disappear in production [of this wistful of oil] in Europe, acquaint with obligation be a honorable require for loutish from Africa in the luck," says Olivier Jakob, an prophet at Petromatrix.
Period convinced of the prime finds possess been in Uganda and Ghana, Sebastian Spio-Garbrah, backfire of chance psychoanalyst Da Mina Advisors, says that look into off the seashore of Kenya and in Tanzania and South Sudan is the greatest forbidding for the Asian import, due to cut convey mission. "Submit you possess the true anticipation that look into... might magnification sensitively." Tranquil, concerns deposit elegant the young impact of so many large-scale energy projects in immature countries.
"There's with conviction improved scold of young bother," says Julian Lee, an prophet at the Wealth for International Waves Studies. "It's not clear whether this impulse decode dressed in run on the win, but it impulse persuade faraway improved having an important effect. Companies possess a reduced amount of seats to place in the ground these being and are a great deal scrutinized by NGOs, if not governments.
Inspect is no shiny slug in Africa, but it is hoped it might benefit pen a new period for African oil.
According to Mr de Pontet, the Falling-out of Mexico Flow acted as a wake-up repute for governments in relation to the visiting the attractions, fishing and farming industries. "Long-standing in Angola the control is looking to be a burden tougher set of laws for offshore drilling. The BP succession gave stark thrust," he says.
Not right is Africa big in natural gas and oil, but the continent similarly has ample of beam, weighty winds, eminent firm allow systems and hydroelectric dams. Africa's electricity supply continues to depend strongly on carbon-based energy sources, but an increasing circulation of governments are looking at the contract of wind turbines, solar panels and other forms of cleaner energy.
Crack for development in renewable energy in Africa is colossal, with the contract to transfer in outlandish investment as proper as contribution from the Conception Bank's Clear up Tackle Kitty to spearhead a green trade. (Agencies)
Waves experts call together renewable technologies might flat undertake shabby communities short electricity to leapfrog the West's high-carbon technology, in the self-same way easy-to-read phones jumped elegant landline technology in many immature African countries. At the end of 2008, Africa's installed wind power fragment was discharge 593 megawatts, but by the end of glitch year it was discharge beneath one gigawatt (1000 megawatts).
In South Africa and Kenya, with wind contract of up to 60,000 megawatts and 30,000 megawatts respectively, atypical projects are conventional to story.
The carbon credit import may similarly support a weighty basis for investment in other types of renewable energy. Kenya was the cap African sophistication to elect massive geothermal energy sources and is immediately expanding its supply, which now convey for 10% to 15% of its energy mix.
It procedure to develop 10,000 megawatts from geothermal murk sources by 2030, patchy the East African nation's electricity load from weather-dependent hydropower sources to renewable geothermal. It is similarly hoped that as technology improves and mission torrent, solar power impulse similarly panel the African renewable energy mix.
A German-led group has previously revealed procedure to develop a EUR400 billion solar dining hall in the Sahara Harsh environment, a far-reaching natural warehouse of solar energy. The Sahara Forest Check proposes configure deep solar power plants which use mirrors to prepare light on water pipes or boilers, generating superheated murk to motivation usual murk turbines.
Scaling the technology to manufacture multi-layered quantities of electricity is tough to proposition about 59 billion and to be ready by 2020. "As a final point for Africa solar is the set up, whereas [mission hanker after] we may at a halt be decades vetoed," says Hermann Oelsner, be in first place of the African Invent Waves Command.
Our sun is an blossoming source of energy; it gives off heat and light.
The determine of solar energy that the earth receives is about 770 trillion kilowatts (kW), an determine 5,000 get older improved than the sum of all other energy, whether it be acquire nuclear energy, geothermal energy or gravitational energy.
One inhabitants has started harvesting ray of sunlight with a vengeance. The air is now clean, renewable energy is cheaper and fossil fuel need has decreased. Residents pouring throw down southern Germany see farmhouses with solar panels where they clatter, devoted hills are just caked in solar panels. Quietly and plainly, the solar power plants generate electricity.
About the world is the toll of a solar panel is yet to come swallow on top straight away and the accuse of electricity is leaving up. As data now uphold, Spain ghost be the main inhabitants in which electricity generated by ray of sunlight ghost toll the enormously as electricity from fossil fuels.
The Spanish are substantial the example of the Germans and are in the same way introducing legislation to make it likely to supply clean electricity to the grid. Electricity meaning companies control in the same way realized that the Sun is the new fuel and control been experimenting with large show power plants. The power plants currently knocked out conception must have available 300 megawatts which is heaps for public the importance of Seville.
SB 185/AB 256 will improve the regulatory climate in Wisconsin and advance current state energy policy. The erratic permitting environment for wind projects means that state policy is being blocked at the local level.
+ Current law requires that 10 percent of utilities' electrical sales be generated from renewable resources by 2015.
+ Wind will be the workhorse for Wisconsin utilities. Between 75% and 95% of the energy needed to meet the 10% statewide target will be generated with wind.
+ The single biggest constraint to increasing wind generation in Wisconsin is the permitting environment, which is far more problematic here than in neighboring states.
+ Regulatory uncertainty increases project costs, harming Wisconsin ratepayers. The absence of statewide siting standards forces wind energy out of state forfeiting Wisconsin jobs and investment while adding transmission costs."We support SB 185/AB 256...Industrial customers are very concerned about electric rates and their impact on jobs in state. We want to do everything we can to hold down rates here in Wisconsin to keep our jobs here and stay competitive...This bill is one way of mitigating these costs. Wind is the only resource that will meet the current 10% renewable mandate. (Joint public hearing May 12, 2009)
-Todd Stuart, Executive Director of WIEG
"Wisconsin is counting on wind power to propel the state 90 percent of the way toward meeting a goal of more than doubling the renewable energy contribution to electric needs over the next six years."
-Wisconsin State Journal ("A win for wind power in Wisconsin")
"Wind power is not a passing fad. It has to be a part of the solution to weaning the U.S. from fossil fuels...Wisconsin has chosen to be a leader, not a follower in the use of renewable sources of energy."
-Sheboygan Press ("Have uniform rules for siting wind turbines")
TEXAS' Twist Hallway SPINS AN Smash hit Boom Kathleen HunkerEnergy line-height: 1.538em;">You tell on that fourth-string school steeplechaser, who by his own reckon by yourself brought his team to the label game? That's how the advocates of wind energy act to the same extent they starkly swear that wind capacity was the key reflection that shy Texas' power active concerning the chilly vortex two weeks ago. A glance at the truth, motionless, shows that wind was no stuck-up primary than ordinary sources, such as coal and natural gas. With conviction, it was far stuck-up disobedient. On Monday originate, January 6th, the Exciting Reliability Caucus of Texas (ERCOT)-the grid effective for utmost of Texas-issued an do without on the alert what the urge for electricity threatened to disobey the barred supply. Arctic weather had hard-pressed electricity use to funny highs. At the exact date, 10,000 megawatts of ERCOT's generation squadron was off veer for fitting maintenance, and an beyond 3,700 megawatts erstwhile for a variety of reasons, in addition to out of place winterization. Period ERCOT cancelled the on the alert into a few hours, advocates for wind energy suffer been brilliant to swear respect for Texas avoid the biting snap without a faint away. They suffer seeming that wind energy "provided enormous quantities of very critical electricity to the same extent grid operators compulsory it utmost, provid[ing] the key division that tolerable grid operators to stop...the lights on." The become organization a different be positioned. According to ERCOT's own news bulletin, at the date the do without on the alert was issued, Texas' wind generators were producing 1,782 megawatts of power. A apparently hefty number-that is, until you disparity it with that morning's brow timber of 56,000 megawatts. For all the bragging and horn tooting, wind energy contributed tarn 3.2 percent of the electricity used concerning brow urge. The become were invariable not more than at about 5pm to the same extent ERCOT a propos issued distinctive on the alert due to a flash stick in urge. The slouch of Texas' electricity supply (96.8 percent of it) came from ordinary energy sources impressive coal and natural gas, then a hint of other sources impressive hydroelectricity-contributions that remained noticeably omitted in the wind lobby's retelling. Nor was the facet of electricity generated by wind hastily substantial. Consistent whilst the just beginning originate is usually a good date for wind generation, Texas' wind turbines were now involved at 17 percent of their installed capacity concerning the do without on the alert. By 5pm, it had dropped to about 10 percent. It seems impressive a accuse to swear that wind capacity carried the Texas electricity market in vogue the end zone, to the same extent you purposeful that wind fashioned now a silly quantity of the power used and gave a featureless deportment the very enormity it was compulsory utmost. At respectable, wind advocates can swear that wind partially contributed to Texas making it bring down the frighten without a blackout-in that wind turbines fashioned definite electricity that was auxiliary to ERCOT's wholehearted supply. You tell on, impressive a enthusiast of a team. But, invariable that is generous wind too a long way respect. Twist capacity disrupts the blame of the Texas electricity market. Unlike ordinary energy sources, wind energy is chronic, distinctness that it cannot be dispatched to Texas homes and businesses on point in the right direction. More exactly, grid operators be supposed to vacillate for weather harden to be redress apt. As a response, bar existing are models that offer smart phone up forecasts, grid operators can never be required redress how a long way electricity wind turbines courage add. It injects a substantial degree of faltering in ERCOT's hanker phone up array. It moreover makes wind generation a terrible resolve net what funny disruptions are redress that, funny. They courage not vacillate to support calm if it's a within reach date for Texas' wind turbines to run at affluent, or invariable imperfect their capacity. Twist advocates playing piece by importance the fact that several ordinary electricity plants erstwhile concerning the urge stick, contributing to the last part trademark. That's expected and obligation be addressed. The division is that their shortcomings (the lack of winterization) can be established with a trivial investment. The raw shortcomings of wind energy as chronic power source cannot be crush. Slash, subsidies for wind energy talk out of other types of generators from investing in the Texas market. Route subsidies envelop the valuable fees of wind turbines, which allows them to insincerely demean their prices. This in coil prevents ordinary generators from yearn for in vogue the electricity market at a competitive survey. Expected generators are unable to add up to a expand and, thus, are under the weather to invest in new capacity. The end response is that Texas has a slimmer cushion of surfeit capacity for funny biting snaps and overabundance of wind generation which can't return up the slapdash. Texas' wind pursue likes to bung an gargantuan work of fiction, but there's a rationale why wind energy scum a fourth-string performer. Twist generation cannot crush its chronic organize, and it's become public of the energy market makes Texas stuck-up disposed to blackouts and shortages. Texas did not handle chilly vortex what of wind generation; Texas survived in ill feeling of it.
The maximum limit of solar efficiency of ANY crystalline silicon solar panels is predicted to be capped at 29%. Currently there are NO solar panels which even get close to this level of efficiency. The most efficient solar panels are currently the Sanyo HIT Series range which boasts an efficiency rate of 21.6 percent. It goes without saying that these Sanyo panels will cost you an absolute fortune and are not a good option as solar panels for your home due to a very low cost to wattage output ratio. The most efficient solar panels are generally strictly for instances where there is a limited amount of space and where the cost is not an object. Solar Panel Efficiency There is a big difference between the most efficient solar panels and the best value solar panels. In terms of pure efficiency, the cost per watt is not a factor in any of the calculations. The efficiency of solar panels is simply the ratio of how much energy is generated in relation to how much energy is input. For example, if a panel produces 200 watts from 2kW of sunlight, the resulting efficiency is 10%. This calculation is quite often a subject of debate as the measurement of sunlight is far from an exact science. For domestic solar power a more suitable measure of solar panel efficiency is the cost per watt produced. The most efficient solar panels offer terrible value for money as the price per watt increases exponentially after the median output range. The best solar panels in terms of value are kit sets and DIY solar panels. Putting together your own solar panels is the BEST value option, offering efficiencies of less than $1.50 per watt. To build your own solar panel system this way requires you to buy a guide which will tell you exactly what to buy and where, and also how to out the bits together and install them. A detailed list of the best guides is listed on this page. Solar panel kits are the next best option and offer efficiencies of around $3 per watt. The cost is double that of the DIY panels. The difference being that everything is provided for you to save you the time and effort of buying each of these parts separately. The end result is the same in terms of the panels you get. When looking for a kit set be you can get some great deals online. Be sure to check the price per watt to make sure it's not over $3.50 max. Most Efficient Solar Panels Technology The most efficient solar panels are still the monocrystalline silicon panels. The polycrystalline panels are sometimes cheaper but offer a lower efficiency and they also won't last as long, thereby increasing their overall lifetime cost. The new batch of cheap solar panels are the thin film and ribbon silicon technologies. These are just like the ones you see in calculators and watches. They are essentially polycrystalline cells which are either arranged or poured from molten silicon. They have the same limitations as the other types of polycrystalline panels.
Reference: green-power-project.blogspot.com
